PHYSIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND HEAVY METAL ANALYSIS IN OJU-ODO RIVER IN LAGOS METROPOLIS
ABSTRACT
This study examines the physiochemical characteristics and levels of heavy metals in Oju-Odo River, situated in Lagos Metropolis, Nigeria. Water samples were gathered and examined to evaluate the extent of pollution and the possible hazards it poses to both aquatic organisms and human well-being. The physiochemical investigation indicated that the water quality was poor due to high levels of turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and nutrient concentrations. The heavy metal examination revealed substantial levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) pollution in the river water, surpassing the allowable thresholds. These contaminants provide dangers to both the aquatic ecosystems and the human populations that depend on the river for their water and food supplies. The results emphasise the immediate necessity for implementing pollution management strategies, enforcing regulations, and conducting public awareness initiatives to reduce environmental and health hazards linked to water pollution in urban river systems. Tackling these challenges is essential for preserving environmental sustainability, maintaining ecosystem health, and ensuring the well-being of the public in Lagos Metropolis and other urban regions that are dealing with water quality problems.
TABLE OF CONTENT
CHAPTER ONE: Introduction
Background of the Study
Statement of the Problem
Objectives of the Study
Research Questions
Significance of the Study
Scope and Limitations
Definition of Terms
CHAPTER TWO
Literature Review
Overview of Physiochemical Properties in Water
Sources and Effects of Heavy Metals in Water
Previous Studies on Water Quality in Lagos Metropolis
Current State of Oju-Odo River
Theoretical Framework
CHAPTER THREE: Research Methodology
Research Design
Study Area Description
Sampling Techniques
Data Collection Methods
Physiochemical Analysis Procedures
Heavy Metal Analysis Procedures
Data Analysis Techniques
CHAPTER FOUR: Results and Discussion
Overview of Data Collected
Physiochemical Properties of Oju-Odo River Water
Heavy Metal Concentrations in Oju-Odo River Water
Comparison with Standard Guidelines
Interpretation of Findings
Implications for Environmental Health
Conclusion and Recommendations
CHAPTER FIVE: Summary of Findings
Conclusions Drawn from the Study
Recommendations for Policy and Management
Suggestions for Future Research
Contribution to Knowledge and Practical Applications